TECHNICAL NOTE

Year : 2020  |  Volume : 3  |  Issue : 2  |  Page : 53-68

Patient and caregiver guide to managing COVID-19 patients at home

Anne Felicia Ambrose¹, Matthew Norbert Bartels¹, Tanya Cecilia Verghese², Joe Verghese^3
1 Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
² Medical Student, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
³ Department of Neurology; Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA

Correspondence Address:
Dr. Anne Felicia Ambrose
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10467
USA

Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None

Check

DOI: 10.4103/jisprm.jisprm_4_20

Since the beginning of 2020, COVID-19 infections have increased exponentially, overwhelming health-care services globally. Survivors of this infection have significant disabilities due to the debilitating weakness and compromised lung function. Unfortunately, rehabilitation services are scarce due to diversion of rehabilitation clinicians to emergency medical care. This manual aims to bridge this gap by providing a self-directed home care and graduated exercise program which does not require any special equipment. The exercises were carefully selected based on research by the authors on self-directed home exercises in frail, elderly patients.

Keywords: COVID-19, home exercises, self-directed exercises

What Is Covid-19?

Symptoms of a Covid-19 Infection (Cdc.gov)

• Fever
• Cough
• Shortness of breath
• Loss of smell or taste.

• Trouble breathing
• Persistent pain or pressure in the chest
• New confusion or inability to arouse
• Bluish lips or face.

Caring for a Covid-19 patient at Home

1. Check the patient's temperature twice a day
2. Monitor for new symptoms such as chest pain, difficulty breathing, blue fingers or face, palpitations, changes in mental status, confusion, or swelling of legs. Contact your medical provider if any of these symptoms occur.

1. Isolate the affected person. They should be in a separate room. It is important to have good air circulation in the room. For example, air conditioning or keeping a window open
2. The patient should avoid all contact with older people, pregnant women, or anyone with compromised immunity
3. The patient should always wear a mask (see instructions below) and keep at least six feet away if the caregiver has to come into the room. Keep these interactions as brief as possible
4. If possible, the patient should have a separate bathroom. If this is not possible, all other unaffected family members should use caution when using shared facilities. Use diluted bleach to wipe down the door handles, toilet seat and handles, sinks, etc., each time the patient uses the bathroom. The patient should have their own toilet roll and towels, which should be kept separately
5. The affected person should eat in their room, and if possible, use disposable plates, knives, and forks. If not, use gloves when washing their plates, spoons, knives, and forks. Use diluted bleach and rinse well.

1. Patients and caregivers should wash hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds, regularly
2. Encourage the patient to have a daily bath
3. The affected person's clothes should be washed separately and with a bleach containing detergent using a hot wash (90°C) for at least 30 minutes
4. Use disposable gloves and a mask when entering the affected person's room
5. Dispose of the patient's trash carefully. Use gloves and avoid handling it with your bare hands
6. SARS-CoV-2 can live on cardboard, plastic, and food surfaces for several days. Discard all packaging or disinfect surfaces by wiping them down with a disinfectant solution. Wash all fruit and vegetables for at least 20 seconds using soap and water. Heat appears to kill the virus. However, frozen foods may harbor the virus, so make sure all food is heated well. Microwaving until steam rises also appears to kill coronavirus.

1. Try to keep the patient's spirits up. Communicate regularly with them via phone, video calls, or social media
2. Confirmed COVID-19 patients often have symptoms such as regret and resentment, loneliness, helplessness, depression, anxiety and phobia, irritation and sleep deprivation, and even panic attacks.

1. Try slow breathing, relaxation, meditation, and mindfulness
2. If these symptoms are persistent or recurring, please seek professional help.

Instructions in Case of Accidental Exposure to Patient's Body Fluids (Saliva, Tears, Sputum, Etc.)

1. If it falls on your intact skin, remove the contaminant with a tissue or gauze and apply 0.5% iodophor or 75% alcohol to the skin. Let the solution sit for at least 3 minutes for disinfection, and then thoroughly flush with running water
2. If it falls on broken skin or on mucous membrane such as the eyes, nose, or mouth, flush with plenty of normal saline (salt water) or 0.05% iodophor for disinfection. Isolate yourself for 14 days and observe for symptoms
3. If you have a sharp object injury, squeeze blood out from the top of the wound to the bottom end, and flush the wound with running water. Then, disinfect with 75% alcohol or 0.5% iodophor. Isolate yourself for 14 days and observe for symptoms
4. If you are coughed or sneezed on directly, immediately go to another room. Gargle with plenty of normal saline or 0.05% iodophor. Dip a cotton swab into 75% alcohol, and wipe your nasal cavity gently in a circular motion. Isolate yourself for 14 days and observe for symptoms.

How to Wear a Mask (From the Who International Website)

1. Before putting on a mask, clean your hands with an alcohol-based hand rub or soap and water
2. Cover mouth and nose with mask and make sure there are no gaps between your face and the mask
3. If you are using a surgical mask, the colored part should face the outside
4. Avoid touching the mask when using it; if you do, clean your hands with an alcohol-based hand rub or soap and water
5. Replace the mask with a new one as soon as it is damp and do not reuse single-use masks
6. To remove the mask: remove it from behind (do not touch the front of mask), discard immediately in a closed bin, and then immediately clean your hands with an alcohol-based hand rub or soap and water.

Table 1: Overview of exercise program Click here to view

Table 2: Level 1 exercise Click here to view

Diet

1. The Covid-19 patient needs a nutritious high-calorie diet to recover. Foods that boost immunity include citrus fruits, watermelon, berries, spinach, wheat germ, yoghurt, garlic, ginger, and chicken soup
2. However, they may get exhausted easily and struggle to finish the meal. They may be able to eat soups or soft foods
3. Make sure they drink plenty of water. They will need at least 8–10 glasses of water every day. However, if they have heart or kidney disease or low sodium, please consult the physician on the correct amount of fluids to drink daily. One way to make sure is to ask them to check their urine. They should have a clear or pale-yellow urine and be urinating 3–4 times a day. If not, they need to drink more water.

Exercise

• Please check with your physician before starting any exercises
• These exercises are designed to be done alone by the patient in their room. The caregiver should not be in the same room
• The caregiver can provide remote instructions and supervision by telephone from another room.
• Equipment required:
• Incentive spirometer: If this is not available, a packet of balloons and a disposable straw can be used as a substitute
• Light weights: If this is not available, a water bottle can be used as a substitute
• 12-inch exercise ball: If this is not available, a cushion or small pillow can be used as a substitute.

1. You can start gentle exercises if:



1. You have not had fever for at least 7 days
2. You have no shortness of breath, palpitations, or chest pain when walking around in your house
3. You have experienced no swelling of the legs.



2. STOP immediately if you develop any of the following. Get help immediately

1. Shortness of breath
2. Chest pain
3. Palpitations
4. Exhaustion
5. Dizziness or Lightheadedness.

1. Lie on your back in bed with a pillow under your head and knees
2. Place one hand on your belly. Place the other hand on your chest
3. Slowly breathe in through your nose. Let your belly fill with air, feeling your belly rise
4. Breathe out through your nose. As you breathe out, feel your belly sink
5. The hand on your belly should move more than the one that is on your chest
6. Repeat for 2 min, several times a day.

Figure 1: Pursed lip breathing exercise Click here to view

1. Relax your neck and shoulder muscles
2. Breathe in for 2 Seconds through your nose, keeping your mouth closed as if you are smelling a rose
3. Breathe out for 4 Seconds through pursed lips as if you are blowing out birthday candles. If this is too long for you, simply breathe out twice as long as you breathe in
4. Repeat for 2 Minutes.

Figure 2: Incentive spirometer Click here to view

1. If you were given an incentive spirometer, use it



1. Sit straight on a chair or the edge of your bed
2. Breathe out completely to clear all the air from your lungs
3. Close your lips firmly around the mouthpiece. You will have to breathe in only through your mouth. Plug your nose if you need to
4. Breathe in slowly, and make the piston/ball rise as high as you can. Then, hold your breath up to 5 Seconds
5. Repeat 10 times.



2. If you do not have an incentive spirometer, you could



1. Get a packet of balloons, practice blowing them up
2. Get a straw and imagine sucking up a thick milkshake and hold your breath up to 5 Seconds
3. Repeat 10 times.

Figure 3: Ankle pumps (toes up) Click here to view

Figure 4: Ankle pumps (toes down) Click here to view

1. Lie down on the bed. Point your toes up to the ceiling [Figure 3], then point it straight down, so that your toes are parallel to the bed [Figure 4]
2. Repeat 2–3 times
3. Increase gradually to 8 times.

Figure 5: Hip and Knee Bends in Bed Click here to view

1. Slide your feet up the bed so your heels are almost touching your buttocks
2. lReturn to the original position
3. Repeat 2–3 times
4. Increase gradually to 8 times.

Figure 6: Crossing your legs in bed Click here to view

1. Bend both knees
2. Place your right ankle on your left knee (as shown). Hold for 10 Seconds
3. Repeat on the other side.

Figure 7: Overhead arm stretch (pointing to the head of the bed) Click here to view

Figure 8: Overhead arm stretch (pointing to the side) Click here to view

1. When lying in bed, bring your right arm straight up to point to the head of the bed [Figure 7]
2. Keeping your elbows straight, bring your arm to your side as shown [Figure 8] return to the starting position [Figure 7]
3. Repeat 2–3 times. Change sides and repeat
4. Increase gradually to 8 times.

Figure 9: Clasping back of neck Click here to view

1. Bring both palms up and place them on the back of your neck
2. Bring your arms back to your sides and repeat 2–3 times
3. Increase gradually to 8 times.

Figure 10: Touching mid-back Click here to view

1. Bring both arms up to touch your back (as if you are trying to hook a bra)
2. Repeat 2–3 times. Increase gradually to 8 times.

Figure 11: Dangling legs Click here to view

1. Sit at the side of the bed
2. Dangle your legs off the bed
3. Sit for as long as you can tolerate it.

Figure 12: Supported sit to stand Click here to view

Figure 13: Supported sit to stand Click here to view

1. Sit at the edge of the bed. Place the back of a sturdy chair in front of you [Figure 12]
2. Stand up when leaning on to a support [e.g. back of chair or a table [Figure 13]
3. Repeat 2–3 times. Increase gradually to 8 times.

Figure 14: Relaxation Click here to view

1. Lie on the bed with a pillow under your head and your knees
2. Imagine a peaceful setting
3. Keeping this image in your mind, focus on controlled, relaxing breathing, slowing your heart rate, or feeling different physical sensations, such as relaxing each arm or leg one by one
4. Your mind may wander during this exercise – if you notice your thoughts wandering, bring your attention back to your breath.
5. Continue for 10 Minutes before getting up slowly from the bed.

Table 3: Level 3 exercises Click here to view

Figure 15: Chin up Click here to view

Figure 16: Chin down Click here to view

1. Sit up
2. Slowly drop chin to chest [Figure 15], and then look up to the ceiling. [Figure 16]
3. Start with 1–2 times, increase gradually to 8 times.

Figure 17: Head turns (left) Click here to view

Figure 18: Head turns (right) Click here to view

1. Look left over your left shoulder [Figure 17]
2. Look right over your right shoulder [Figure 18]
3. oStart with 1–2 times, increase gradually to 8 times.
4. Repeat 8 times.

Figure 19: Shoulder rolls (forward) Click here to view

Figure 20: Shoulder rolls (backwards) Click here to view

1. Roll shoulders forward 8 times [Figure 19]
2. Roll shoulders backward 8 times [Figure 20].

Figure 21: Finger stretch Click here to view

1. Stretch both your arms out in front of you
2. Keep your elbows straight
3. With the right hand, stretch the fingers of your left hand backward
4. Count to 8, repeat on the other side.

Figure 22: Calf stretches in bed Click here to view

1. Sit up in bed
2. Place a towel on the sole of your foot
3. Grab both ends of the towel and pull. You should feel the stretch in your calf
4. Count to 8. Repeat on the other side.

Figure 23: Wrist curls with light weights (down) Click here to view

Figure 24: Wrist curls with light weights (up) Click here to view

1. Place your forearm on a chair's armrest with your hand hanging over the edge [Figure 23]
2. Hold a light weight (2–5lb) slowly bend your wrist up and down [Figure 24], then repeat 2–3 times and increase gradually to 8 Repetitions
3. Repeat on the other side.

Figure 25: Biceps curls (down) Click here to view

Figure 26: Biceps curls (up) Click here to view

1. Place your forearm on a chair's armrest [Figure 25]
2. Hold a light weight (2–5lb)
3. Keep your elbow on the armrest



1. Bring the weight up to your chin, slowly lower your arm to return to the starting point [Figure 26]
2. Repeat 2–3 times and increase gradually to 8 Repetitions.



3. Repeat on the other side.

Figure 27: Seated overhead weights (start) Click here to view

Figure 28: Seated overhead weights Click here to view

1. Sit on the chair and hold the ball or a cushion at chest level [Figure 27]
2. Move ball up overhead [Figure 28] and return to start position [Figure 27]
3. Repeat 8 times.

Figure 29: Tummy twists (start) Click here to view

Figure 30: Tummy twists (finish) Click here to view

1. Begin in the seated position, holding the ball/cushion in both hands [Figure 29]
2. Slowly twist to the right, return to the center [Figure 30], and then twist to left
3. Repeat 8 times on each side.

Figure 31: Shoulder abductions (start) Click here to view

Figure 32: Shoulder abductions (finish) Click here to view

1. Sit with elbow at the side [Figure 31], when holding light weights
2. Slowly raise both arms when keeping the elbows bent at 90° [Figure 32]
3. Slowly lower both arms to return to starting price.

Figure 33: Seated knee lift Click here to view

1. Sit on the chair
2. Lift the right leg and hold it up for count of 8
3. Change legs
4. Repeat each leg 3 times.

Figure 34: Knee extension Click here to view

1. Begin seated in a chair with your back straight and knees bent
2. Slowly extend your right leg forward and hold for a few seconds before lowering back to starting position
3. Repeat with your left leg. Do 8 Repetitions per leg.

Figure 35: Relaxation Click here to view

1. Lie on the bed with a pillow under your head and your knees
2. Imagine a peaceful setting
3. Keeping this image in your mind, focus on controlled, relaxing breathing, slowing your heart rate, or feeling different physical sensations, such as relaxing each arm or leg one by one
4. Your mind may wander during this exercise – if you notice your thoughts wandering, bring your attention back to your breath
5. Continue for 10 Minutes before getting up slowly from the bed.

Table 4: Level 3 exercises Click here to view

Figure 36: Overhead stretch Click here to view

1. Start off by standing up straight with your hands at your sides and feet shoulder width apart
2. Lace your fingers together and raise your hands up toward the ceiling with your palms facing up
3. Fully stretch your torso and hold for a count of 8, then return back to the starting position.

Figure 37: Side stretch Click here to view

1. Stand with your back straight and your feet shoulder-width apart. You can do this stretch sitting down if you are not steady on your feet
2. Hold your arms above your head, and hold one hand with the other
3. Pull upward when leaning straight over toward your right side. Keep your lower body straight. You should feel the stretch along your left side
4. Hold 15–30 seconds, and then switch sides
5. Repeat 2–4 times for each side 1.

Figure 38: Triceps stretch Click here to view

1. Stand with your back straight and your feet shoulder-width apart
2. Bring your left elbow straight up when bending your arm
3. Grab your left elbow with your right hand, and pull your left elbow toward your head with light pressure
4. Hold 15 to 30 seconds, and then switch elbows
5. Repeat 2–4 times for each arm.

Figure 39: Quadriceps stretch Click here to view

1. Lie on your side with one hand supporting your head
2. Bend your upper leg back and grab your ankle with your other hand
3. Stretch your leg back by pulling your foot toward your buttocks. You will feel the stretch in the front of your thigh. If this causes stress on your knees, do not do this stretch
4. Hold the stretch 15–30 seconds
5. Repeat 2–4 times for each leg.

Figure 40: Groin stretch Click here to view

1. Sit on the floor and put the soles of your feet together. Do not slump your back
2. Grab your ankles and gently pull your legs toward you
3. Press your knees toward the floor. You will feel the stretch in your inner thighs
4. Hold 15–30 seconds
5. Repeat 2–4 times.

Figure 41: Calf stretch Click here to view

1. Place your hands on a wall for balance
2. Step back with your left leg, keeping the knee straight and pressing the heel into the floor
3. Press your hips forward, bending your right leg slightly. You will feel the stretch in your left calf
4. Hold the stretch 15–30 seconds
5. Repeat 2–4 times for each leg.

Figure 42: Standing shoulder flexion Click here to view

1. Stand when holding light weights in both hands
2. Lift arms slowly up, when keeping elbows straight as shown
3. Slowly bring arms down to return to starting position
4. Start 2–3 times and increase to 8 times.

Figure 43: Standing arm abduction Click here to view

Figure 44: Standing arm abduction Click here to view

1. Stand when holding light weights in both hands [Figure 43]
2. Lift arms slowly up, when keeping elbows bent as shown [Figure 44]
3. Slowly bring arms down to return to starting position
\
4. Start with 2–3 repetitions and increase to 8 times.

Figure 45: Upright front row Click here to view

1. Begin standing with your feet shoulder-width apart, knees slightly bent, and partially leaning forward
2. Hold one dumbbell in each hand in front of you, with palms facing toward your body
3. Lift both dumbbells toward your chin when keeping your back straight and shoulders stationary
4. Return to starting position and repeat 8 times.

Figure 46: Biceps curls (start) Click here to view

Figure 47: Biceps curls (finish) Click here to view

1. Place your forearm on a chair's armrest
2. Hold a light weight (2–5lb)
3. Keep your elbow on the armrest and bring the weight up to your chin
4. Slowly lower your arm to return to the starting point
5. Repeat 2–3 times and increase gradually to 8 repetitions
6. Repeat on the other side.

Figure 48: Core exercises (crossing arms) Click here to view

Figure 49: Core exercises (leaning back) Click here to view

Figure 50: Core exercises (sitting arms out) Click here to view

Figure 51: Core exercises (standing arms out) Click here to view

1. Sit upright near the edge of the chair with elbows crossed [Figure 48]
2. Keeping the elbow crossed, slowly lean backward [Figure 49]
3. Come back to the seated upright position
4. Straighten both arms in front of you and stand up without using your arms [Figure 50]
5. Sit down again to return to the starting position [Figure 48]
6. Start with 1–2 reps and slowly increase to 8 repetitions.

Figure 52: Leg abduction Click here to view

1. Stand facing the back of the chair
2. Hold on to the back of the chair
3. Slowly lift one leg as shown
4. Hold for a count of 8
5. Slowly lower the leg to return to the original position
6. Change legs and repeat
7. Start with 2-3 times reps and increase to 8 repetitions on each leg.

Figure 53: Hamstring curls Click here to view

1. Stand with feet slightly apart
2. The knee of your support leg should be slightly bent
3. Slowly bend the other knee, bringing your heel toward your buttocks
4. Hold for count of 8 and return to start position
5. Repeat using other leg
6. Start with 2–3 times reps and increase to 8 repetitions on each leg.

Figure 54: Supported lateral lunge Click here to view

1. Stand facing the back of the chair
2. Hold on to the back of the chair
3. Slowly lift one leg as shown
4. Hold for count of 8
5. Slowly lower the leg to return to the original position
6. Change legs and repeat
7. Start with 2–3 times reps and increase to 8 repetitions on each leg.

Figure 55: Supported squats Click here to view

1. Stand facing the back of the chair
2. Hold on to the back of the chair
3. Slowly bend both knees to do half-squat
4. Hold for a count of 8
5. ASlowly return to the original position
6. Start with 2–3 times reps and increase to 8 repetitions on each leg.

Figure 56: Wall push-ups Click here to view

Figure 57: Wall push-ups Click here to view

1. Stand facing the wall and place both hands on the wall [Figure 56]
2. Lean forward, keeping both knees straight [Figure 57]
3. Hold for a count of 8
4. Slowly return to the original position [Figure 56]
5. Start with 2–3 times reps and increase to 8 repetitions.

1. Walk for 10 minutes at a comfortable pace
2. Gradually increase to 3 times a day.

1. Lie on the bed with a pillow under your head and your knees
2. Imagine a peaceful setting
3. Keeping this image in your mind, focus on controlled, relaxing breathing, slowing your heart rate, or feeling different physical sensations, such as relaxing each arm or leg one by one
4. Your mind may wander during this exercise – if you notice your thoughts wandering, bring your attention back to your breath
5. Continue for 10 min before getting up slowly from the bed.

• These unsupervised exercises described above were developed based on research conducted at the Division of Cognitive and Motor Aging (Neurology) laboratory under Dr. Verghese's leadership
• Thank you to Tanya Verghese and David Verghese for their input, editing, and willingness to pose multiple times for the illustrations
• Dr. Joe Verghese for his support, invaluable assistance, editing, and formatting of the manual
• Drs. Matthew Bartels, Sayeed Wahezi, Andrew Gitkin, and Jeffrey Nissinhoff from the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine for their feedback and recommendations
• My dear friends, Dr. Sara Cuccurullo, Dr. Carmen Terzic, and Dr. Maya Therattil, for their willingness to review the manual during this chaotic period.

References

1.	CDC.gov https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/if-you-are-sick/steps-when-sick.html
2.	Zhang, Y. The Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Emergency Response Epidemiology Team. The Epidemiological Characteristics of an outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus diseases (COVID19) China CDC weekly, online date: February 17th,2020, Vol 2/Number 8. http://weekly.chinacdc.cn/en/article/id/e53946e2-c6c4-41e9-9a9b-fea8db1a8f51.

This article has been cited by 1 Psychological distress as a predictor of the burden of care in family caregivers of COVID-19 patients in Iran: A community-based cross-sectional study Seyedmohammad Mirhosseini, Samuel Grimwood, Mohammad Hasan Basirinezhad, Rasoul Montazeri, Hossein Ebrahimi Health Science Reports. 2022; 5(6) [Pubmed] | [DOI] 2 Multi-disciplinary collaborative consensus guidance statement on the assessment and treatment of breathing discomfort and respiratory sequelae in patients with post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV Jason H. Maley, George A. Alba, John T. Barry, Matthew N. Bartels, Talya K. Fleming, Christina V. Oleson, Leslie Rydberg, Sarah Sampsel, Julie K. Silver, Sabrina Sipes, Monica Verduzco-Gutierrez, Jamie Wood, Joseph D. Zibrak, Jonathan Whiteson PM&R. 2022; 14(1): 77 [Pubmed] | [DOI] 3 Rehabilitation and In-Hospital Mortality in COVID-19 Patients Anne Felicia Ambrose, Anupama Kurra, Lana Tsirakidis, Kate Collins Hunt, Emmeline Ayers, Andrew Gitkind, Sandeep Yerra, Yungtai Lo, Nicole Ortiz, Faraz Jamal, Vikram Madan, Matthew N Bartels, Joe Verghese, Lewis Lipsitz The Journals of Gerontology: Series A. 2022; 77(4): e148 [Pubmed] | [DOI] 4 Management of COVID-19 ICU-survivors in primary care: - a narrative review KFR Schmidt,J. Gensichen,S. Gehrke-Beck,R. P. Kosilek,F. Kühne,C Heintze,L. M. Baldwin,D. M. Needham BMC Family Practice. 2021; 22(1) [Pubmed] | [DOI] 5 Guía para una adecuada telerrehabilitación en personas convalecientes de Covid-19 Pavel Loeza-Magaña,Ana Belem Dávila Tejeida,Maritza Martínez Tagle,José Rodolfo Arteaga Martínez,Guadalupe Monserrat Reséndiz García Revista Colombiana de Médicina Física y Rehabilitación. 2021; 31(1) [Pubmed] | [DOI] 6 Upper Limb Home-Based Robotic Rehabilitation During COVID-19 Outbreak Hemanth Manjunatha,Shrey Pareek,Sri Sadhan Jujjavarapu,Mostafa Ghobadi,Thenkurussi Kesavadas,Ehsan T. Esfahani Frontiers in Robotics and AI. 2021; 8 [Pubmed] | [DOI] 7 The vital role of inpatient rehabilitation facilities in a large health system: The COVID-19 pandemic Carolin Dohle,Mooyeon Oh-Park,Andrew Gitkind,Jeffrey Menkes,Matt Bartels The Journal of the International Society of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine. 2020; 0(0): 0 [Pubmed] | [DOI] 8 Rehabilitation of critically Ill COVID-19 survivors Radha Korupolu,GerardE Francisco,Harvey Levin,DaleM Needham The Journal of the International Society of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine. 2020; 3(2): 45 [Pubmed] | [DOI] 9 Redefining rehabilitation in the COVID-19 era GerardE Francisco The Journal of the International Society of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine. 2020; 3(2): 31 [Pubmed] | [DOI] 10 What Now for Rehabilitation Specialists? Coronavirus Disease 2019 Questions and Answers Simge J. Yonter,Katherine Alter,Matthew N. Bartels,Jonathan F. Bean,Martin B. Brodsky,Marlís González-Fernández,David K. Henderson,Helen Hoenig,Holly Russell,Dale M. Needham,Sowmya Kumble,Leighton Chan Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2020; [Pubmed] | [DOI] 11 Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Postacute Care Decision Making Sheryl R. Levin,Andrew I. Gitkind,Matthew N. Bartels Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2020; [Pubmed] | [DOI]