| ORIGINAL ARTICLE |
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| Year : 2018 | Volume
: 1
| Issue : 2 | Page : 49-54 |
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Limitations of long-standing non-malignant pain in functioning, activity and quality of life: A gender comparison
Jan-Rickard Norrefalk, Kristian Borg
Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
Correspondence Address:
Jan-Rickard Norrefalk
Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm
Sweden
 Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None  | Check |
DOI: 10.4103/ijprm.ijprm_1_18
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Background: Long-standing non-malignant pain (LSNMP) leads to limitations of function and activity as well as decreased quality of life (QoL). Aim: The aim of this study is to describe the subjective experience and to compare the gender differences of functional, activity, and QoL limitations in patients with LSNMP. Methods: Three hundred patients, 207 women and 93 men, with a median duration of pain of 49 months referred to a Pain Management Centre filled out the Functional Barometer questionnaire, adapted to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). Results: All patients reported that pain was a moderate, major or total problem. In the ICF item variables, lifting/carrying things, endurance, keeping posture, muscle strength, leisure time, sleeping and energy were indicated as major or total limitations due to pain. Women had significantly more limitations in comparison to men regarding concentration, ordinary housework stress and psychological demands, keeping posture, lifting/carrying things, gastrointestinal functions and contact with friends. Conclusion: Targeting limitations and possibilities in function, activity and QoL are of importance when tailoring an individual treatment and rehabilitation plan. Gender differences are of importance to recognize.
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